![]() Noted gaps identified by the participating speakers included data on acute and chronic effects of combinations of ingredients found in energy drinks in addition to caffeine, valid assessment methods for consumption, systematic data collection to increase understanding of use over time, screening tools for physicians to collect data on caffeinated energy drink health effects and their magnitude, current data on energy drink usage among children and adolescents, and prospective research on long-term effects, particularly among vulnerable groups. A recent literature review found high percentages of serious outcomes among adolescent and young adult energy drink consumers ( 2), especially among those with certain pre-existing conditions and those taking certain psychoactive medications.Īt the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) request, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop in 2013 to review evidence on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages and dietary supplements, and to identify important data gaps ( 3, 4). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported that the number of emergency-department visits involving energy drinks doubled from 10 068 visits in 2007 to 20 783 visits in 2011, with one in ten of those visits leading to hospitalization ( 1). ![]() Consumption of caffeinated energy drinks in the USA has been investigated as a public health concern because of its widespread prevalence and the potential for adverse events.
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